Characterization of herbicide resistance in Papaver rhoeas and Sinapis spp. to ALS-inhibiting and synthetic auxin herbicides.

This work aims to provide answers to three research questions: 

1. Are there present or evolving biotypes with resistance to ALS-inhibiting and synthetic auxin herbicides in Papaver rhoeas and Sinapis species (both S. arvensis and S. alba) from cereal crops in Tunisia?
2. Which are the cross-resistance patterns within ALS-inhibiting and synthetic auxin herbicides chemistries in these weeds species?
3. What are the mechanisms of resistance involved in the herbicide resistance in these weed species?